Under the EU-style A1/A2/A system, an unrestricted Ducati Multistrada V2 requires category A. Ducati lists the current MY25 version at 890 cc and 85 kW (115 hp), which exceeds both A1 and A2 limits. A Vespa 125 may be ridden on A1, but only if its exact registered version also stays within A1’s 11 kW power and 0.1 kW/kg power-to-weight limits. Your country, the motorcycle’s model-year paperwork and the route used to obtain the licence all matter.
The United States does not use one nationwide motorcycle-licence rule, and this comparison does not establish any particular state’s endorsement requirements. Treat the EU and UK rules below as a location-qualified framework, then verify the requirements with the licensing authority where you will ride.
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Start with the licence category, not the badge on the tank
“Motorcycle licence” is not a single worldwide standard. In the European Union, motorcycle entitlement is commonly divided into A1, A2 and A categories. Those categories describe both the rider’s entitlement and the motorcycle’s legal technical limits. National authorities can change minimum ages, training, examination and progression rules, so a licence that works in one country may not transfer exactly to another.
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The UK uses a similar A1/A2/A structure, but its own training, theory-test, practical-test and direct-access rules apply. A US state may instead issue a motorcycle endorsement or a separate motorcycle licence under state-specific rules. Before booking a test or buying a bike, identify the jurisdiction in which the motorcycle will be registered and ridden.
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How A1, A2 and A differ
Directive 2006/126/EC provides the technical framework for the EU categories. The decisive figures are engine capacity, maximum power and power-to-weight ratio; A2 also has a rule about the unrestricted motorcycle from which a restricted version is derived.
| Category | Engine-capacity limit | Maximum power | Power-to-weight limit | Additional rule or access point |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 125 cc | 11 kW | 0.1 kW/kg | EU guidance gives 16 as the general minimum age; national rules can differ. |
| A2 | No separate capacity ceiling stated in the directive summary | 35 kW | 0.2 kW/kg | The motorcycle cannot be derived from a model producing more than twice the A2 limit (more than 70 kW). EU guidance gives 18 as the general minimum age; national rules can differ. |
| A | Unrestricted | Unrestricted | Unrestricted | Access may be direct or progressive, subject to the country’s age, experience, training and test rules. |
These are vehicle ceilings, not suggestions. A motorcycle with a 125 cc engine is not automatically an A1 motorcycle, and a motorcycle that can be electronically placed in a lower-power riding mode is not automatically A2-compliant. The authority relies on the official registered or type-approved specification.
What the A2 derivation rule means
A2 allows no more than 35 kW and 0.2 kW/kg. It also limits the unrestricted output of the base motorcycle: the A2 version must not be derived from a machine producing more than twice 35 kW, or 70 kW. This prevents a very powerful motorcycle from being converted into an A2 model merely by fitting a large restriction.
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Ducati Multistrada V2: why category A is required
Ducati’s US MY25 specification page lists the Multistrada V2 with an 890 cc engine and maximum power of 85 kW, equivalent to 115 hp. Those figures describe the unrestricted specification and are identified as a current model-year US specification; Ducati notes that specifications can vary by market.
- It exceeds A1’s capacity ceiling: 890 cc is greater than 125 cc.
- It exceeds A1’s power ceiling: 85 kW is greater than 11 kW.
- It exceeds A2’s power ceiling: 85 kW is greater than 35 kW.
- It also exceeds the A2 base-model threshold: 85 kW is greater than 70 kW, the “twice 35 kW” limit used in the derivation rule.
On the EU-style categories, the unrestricted MY25 Multistrada V2 therefore falls into category A. A1 or A2 does not cover the motorcycle as specified. This conclusion is tied to the model year and market documentation: use the power and type-approval information on the actual motorcycle’s registration papers rather than assuming every Multistrada V2 has identical figures.
Why a riding mode is not enough
Modern motorcycles can offer rain, urban or other modes that soften throttle response. A mode that feels less powerful does not by itself change the motorcycle’s legally registered maximum output. Likewise, an aftermarket restriction is not automatically accepted for A2. The restriction must be an officially approved configuration recorded by the relevant authority, and the unrestricted base model must satisfy the A2 derivation rule. The sources reviewed here do not verify an A2 restriction kit or approval for the Multistrada V2, so do not assume one exists.
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Vespa 125: when A1 works and when it does not
The “125” in a Vespa’s name normally refers to engine displacement, which sits at A1’s 125 cc ceiling. That establishes only one of the three A1 tests. To qualify, the exact scooter must also produce no more than 11 kW and have a power-to-weight ratio no greater than 0.1 kW/kg.
The title does not identify a particular Vespa model, model year or market, and the available specifications do not establish its power or weight. The accurate conclusion is therefore conditional: a 125 cc Vespa is often A1-eligible if its registered output and power-to-weight ratio meet the limits, but displacement alone cannot prove eligibility.
Check the scooter’s documents
Find the exact model and variant on the registration certificate or type-approval paperwork. Confirm:
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- Engine capacity is no more than 125 cc.
- Maximum power is no more than 11 kW.
- Power-to-weight ratio is no more than 0.1 kW/kg, using the figures and method accepted by your licensing authority.
- The document belongs to the same model year, market and variant as the scooter you intend to ride.
If one figure is missing or appears to conflict with a dealer listing, ask the registration authority or manufacturer for written confirmation. Do not substitute a different Vespa 125’s specifications.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.UK rules as a concrete national example
UK government guidance illustrates how a country applies the same broad categories. Its table describes A1 as a light motorcycle up to 125 cc and 11 kW, A2 as a standard motorcycle up to 35 kW and 0.2 kW/kg, and A as unrestricted. The UK route includes approved training plus theory and practical requirements, with different direct-access and progressive-access ages depending on the category and route.
That table is not a universal rulebook. A rider in another EU country must follow that country’s implementation of the categories, and a rider in the United States must follow the relevant state endorsement law. Even within the UK, the route you choose can affect the training and tests required before you can ride a larger motorcycle.
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How to determine the licence you need
- Identify the riding jurisdiction. Decide where the motorcycle will be registered and where you will ride. Locate that authority’s current motorcycle-licensing page; do not rely on a rule copied from another country.
- Record the exact motorcycle identity. Write down the make, model, model year, variant, market and VIN if available. “Multistrada V2” and “Vespa 125” are not sufficiently precise by themselves.
- Read the official technical data. Use the registration certificate, type-approval record or manufacturer documentation accepted by the authority. Record engine capacity, maximum power in kW, and mass needed for the power-to-weight calculation.
- Test the figures against the categories. For A1, all three limits apply. For A2, check 35 kW, 0.2 kW/kg and the 70 kW unrestricted-base limit. Anything beyond those restrictions requires A under the EU framework.
- Check whether a restriction is legally recognised. If a motorcycle has been converted, confirm the approved kit, installer requirements and updated registration entry. An engine mode or informal dyno claim is not a licence category.
- Confirm your access route. Verify minimum age, learner conditions, compulsory training, theory examination, practical examination and any progressive-access experience requirement. These details are jurisdiction-specific.
- Carry the right evidence when registering or testing. Keep the registration or type-approval document and any official restriction certificate available. If the authority’s database and the physical motorcycle disagree, resolve the discrepancy before riding.
Common mistakes that cause licensing problems
“Any 125 is A1”
A1 has three technical limits. A scooter can meet the 125 cc ceiling yet exceed 11 kW or the 0.1 kW/kg ratio. Check all three figures for the exact variant.
“A2 means I can restrict any big bike”
The 35 kW ceiling is only part of A2. The unrestricted source motorcycle must not exceed 70 kW, and the restricted configuration must be officially approved. The 85 kW Multistrada V2 specification is above that base-model threshold.
“The US specification applies everywhere”
The Ducati figure quoted here comes from the MY25 US page. Market equipment, emissions configuration and type approval can change specifications. Use the documents for the motorcycle in your jurisdiction.
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“A licence category is the same as insurance approval”
Licensing entitlement and the vehicle’s registration or type approval are separate checks. Before riding, make sure the motorcycle is legally registered in the claimed configuration and that your authority recognises your training and test route.
Decision summary for the two motorcycles
| Motorcycle | Known or assumed specification | EU-style result | What must still be verified |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ducati Multistrada V2 MY25 | 890 cc; 85 kW (115 hp), Ducati US specification | Category A for the unrestricted version | Model-year and market paperwork; local age, training and test route; any officially approved restriction (none is established here) |
| Vespa 125 | 125 cc nameplate; exact output and weight not established | Often A1-eligible only if it is no more than 11 kW and 0.1 kW/kg | Exact model, year, variant, registration/type-approval figures and local rules |
What to do before you buy or book training
- Ask the seller for the registration or type-approval data, not just a model name or brochure headline.
- Convert horsepower to the authority’s required kW figure only as a cross-check; use the official recorded value for the legal decision.
- For the Multistrada V2, plan on category A unless your authority confirms a different, approved configuration in writing.
- For a Vespa 125, verify the 11 kW and 0.1 kW/kg limits before booking an A1 test or relying on an existing A1 entitlement.
- Check the authority’s current age, theory, practical and progressive-access rules immediately before training, because national procedures can change.
The practical answer is location-qualified but clear: under the EU framework, the unrestricted 890 cc, 85 kW Multistrada V2 is an A-category motorcycle. A 125 cc Vespa may fit A1, but only its exact registered technical data can establish that. Your licensing authority’s rules and the motorcycle’s official paperwork control the final answer.
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