Toyota is developing new 1.5-liter and 2.0-liter inline-four engines for electrified powertrains, including hybrids and plug-in hybrids. They are not engines announced for battery-only electric vehicles: Toyota’s “BEV package” description refers to a plug-in hybrid designed around a battery-electric vehicle layout, with an engine added.
What Toyota announced
On May 28, 2024, Toyota, Subaru and Mazda said they would develop engines suited to electrification and their carbon-neutrality goals. The companies said the engines should be more compact and easier to integrate with motors, batteries and other electric-drive components. Each automaker is pursuing its own engine architecture: Toyota’s is an inline-four, Subaru’s is horizontally opposed, and Mazda’s is rotary. This is not a shared Toyota engine platform. Toyota’s joint announcement sets out the companies’ goals.
Toyota calls its development concept ENGINE ReBORN. Its 2024 Integrated Report discusses 1.5-liter and 2.0-liter inline-four engines; the 1.5-liter begins with naturally aspirated and turbocharged configurations. These are development concepts, not engines identified as currently available in a production vehicle. Toyota Integrated Report 2024
What “power EVs and hybrids” means
Toyota describes applying ideas from battery-electric vehicle (BEV) development to plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It says a PHEV can be designed around a BEV package—“essentially a practical BEV with an engine”—and explains that an electric motor can take a substantial role, so the engine need not cover every driving range. Toyota also describes using signals from the motor to help control engine operation and combustion. Toyota Integrated Report 2024
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That is a combustion engine integrated into an electrified vehicle, not a way to propel a battery-only BEV. A BEV uses electric propulsion without an onboard combustion engine; Toyota’s example is explicitly a PHEV, which combines electric drive with an engine. The report does not say that every new engine configuration will be used in both HEVs and PHEVs.
What Toyota says the engines could offer
The figures below are Toyota’s development estimates in its 2024 Integrated Report, not independent test results or final production specifications. Packaging comparisons use the specific existing engines named by Toyota; the fuel-economy estimate is for sedan-class vehicles.
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| Development engine | Toyota’s stated projection | Context or proposed role |
|---|---|---|
| 1.5L naturally aspirated | 10% lower engine volume and height than Toyota’s current 1.5L three-cylinder; expected 12% better fuel economy in sedan-class vehicles | Compact-engine concept; fuel economy is Toyota’s expectation, not an independently measured result. |
| 1.5L turbo | 20% lower volume and 15% lower height than the compared existing 1.5L turbo | Toyota says it could cover the territory of its 2.5L naturally aspirated engine used in vehicles that tow heavy loads; this is a prospective role, not a confirmed model application. |
| 2.0L turbo | 10% lower volume and height than the existing 2.4L turbo | Toyota describes possible use in applications from trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles to sports cars, not confirmed assignments. |
Toyota also says its current engine would require a 30% power reduction to meet the future emissions regulations referenced in the report, while the developing turbo design is intended to retain output through improved combustion technology. That is Toyota’s comparison, not an independently verified regulatory test outcome. All figures and application descriptions come from Toyota Integrated Report 2024.
Fuel compatibility is a development goal, not a supply guarantee
The automakers’ joint announcement names e-fuel (synthetic fuel), biofuels and liquid hydrogen as fuels they will pursue compatibility with. It describes carbon-neutral fuels as having net-zero CO2 emissions into the atmosphere across their lifecycle, from manufacture to use, and identifies e-fuel and biomass-derived biofuel as examples. This is the companies’ stated goal and definition; it does not establish that these fuels are widely available or that every fuel pathway and use has the same lifecycle emissions. Toyota’s joint announcement
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When could the engines reach production cars?
Toyota’s reviewed announcement and 2024 Integrated Report do not name a production model or launch date. The Associated Press reported on May 28, 2024 that the companies had not disclosed when the engines would come to market. Associated Press, May 28, 2024 No final specifications, production readiness, real-world fuel-economy results, price or market availability are established in those sources.
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