Not under a general e-fuel exemption created by the 2023 EU-German deal. The enacted EU law sets 2035 fleet-wide CO₂ targets for new cars and vans, while asking the Commission to propose a route for vehicles that run exclusively on CO₂-neutral fuels. That recital is not itself an operative registration exemption. Separately, the Commission’s December 2025 proposal would revise the target, but the Commission describes it as a proposal, not enacted law.
What did the 2023 EU-German deal actually do?
It kept the 2035 target in the EU’s car-emissions law and added a commitment to work on a possible route for certain vehicles using CO₂-neutral fuels. It did not immediately authorize new petrol cars after 2035 simply because they use e-fuel.
The law is Regulation (EU) 2023/851, adopted by the European Parliament and Council on 19 April 2023 and published in the Official Journal on 25 April 2023. It amends Regulation (EU) 2019/631. From 1 January 2035, the regulation sets a 100% reduction target, against the 2021 target baseline, for the EU fleet-wide average CO₂ emissions of new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles. Read the regulation.
The target applies to manufacturers’ fleets of new vehicles; it is not a requirement for individual owners to scrap their existing cars, nor a ban on continuing to drive them. The Commission’s current cars-and-vans page says passenger cars account for 16% of total EU CO₂ emissions and light commercial vehicles for 3%. See the Commission’s cars-and-vans information.
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Does the 2023 law exempt e-fuel cars after 2035?
No. Recital 11 of the regulation says that, after consulting stakeholders, the Commission will make a proposal for registering after 2035 vehicles running exclusively on CO₂-neutral fuels. The proposed route must conform to EU law, sit outside the fleet standards and be consistent with the EU’s climate-neutrality objective. The recital does not set out a detailed approval process or make an exemption available on its own.
“Exclusively” matters: the wording does not promise eligibility to every combustion vehicle that can use a fuel sold as synthetic or e-fuel. The legal text leaves the criteria and mechanism to follow-up work. In March 2023, the Commission said it would submit proposals through the ordinary decision-making procedures, further indicating that additional legislation was contemplated rather than already in force. Read the Commission’s March 2023 statement.
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What changed in the Commission’s December 2025 proposal?
On 16 December 2025, the Commission presented an Automotive Package proposing a different approach from the 2023 enacted target: a 90% reduction in tailpipe emissions from 2035, with the remaining 10% compensated through low-carbon steel made in the EU or through e-fuels and biofuels. The Commission says the proposal could leave a role for plug-in hybrids, range extenders, mild hybrids and internal-combustion vehicles alongside battery-electric and hydrogen vehicles. Read the package announcement.
The Commission’s cars-and-vans page also describes this as a proposed revision. The sources available here do not establish whether the proposal has since been adopted or amended. It should therefore not be treated as the current law without checking the final legislative record. Nor does the proposal summary establish detailed post-2035 eligibility or type-approval rules for any particular e-fuel car.
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| Question | 2023 enacted regulation | December 2025 Commission proposal |
|---|---|---|
| Legal status | Enacted regulation | Proposal, as described by the Commission |
| 2035 target | 100% reduction in fleet-wide average emissions for new cars and vans, against the 2021 target baseline | 90% reduction in tailpipe emissions |
| How the remaining emissions are addressed | Recital 11 calls for a later proposal concerning vehicles running exclusively on CO₂-neutral fuels, outside the fleet standards | Proposed compensation through EU-made low-carbon steel or e-fuels and biofuels |
| Specific post-2035 vehicle eligibility and approval process | Not established by the recital | Not established in the Commission’s proposal summary |
Can you buy a new petrol car after 2035?
The 2023 regulation does not establish a general path for new petrol cars after 2035. Its recital points toward a possible proposal for vehicles using exclusively CO₂-neutral fuels, but the operative details are not supplied by that text. The Commission’s 2025 proposal could alter the framework if adopted, but its stated approach is not yet a basis for saying that a specific combustion-engine car will be eligible for registration after 2035.
That is different from keeping or driving a car already on the road: the 2035 fleet target addresses new vehicles and does not itself require existing vehicles to be taken out of service.
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What do the recent EU vehicle figures show?
The Commission reports that average CO₂ emissions from new passenger cars registered in Europe fell 28% between 2019 and 2024; for new vans, the reduction was 9%. For 2024, zero-emission vehicles made up 14.5% of new car registrations and 6.4% of new van registrations in the EU plus Norway and Iceland. The Commission says the zero-emission share rose further in 2025 but gives no percentage in the cited passage. These figures describe market trends, not the legal status of the e-fuel proposal. See the Commission’s figures and policy overview.
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