There is no defensible brand-wide winner. In selected Kelley Blue Book estimates for 2025 U.S.-market cars, the BMW 5 Series and Volvo S90 have lower five-year costs to own than the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Audi A6 trim shown. But the vehicles and configurations are not a controlled, like-for-like comparison. The most reliable answer is to compare the exact models, trims, prices, and ownership assumptions you are considering.
What ownership value includes
A sticker price is only one part of the cost of owning a luxury car. Edmunds’ True Cost to Own (TCO) estimates include depreciation, financing, taxes and fees, insurance, fuel, maintenance, and repairs. Edmunds uses 15,000 miles per year for mileage-dependent estimates and describes TCO as a comparative tool, not a prediction of what an individual buyer will pay. Edmunds explains its True Cost to Own methodology.
Kelley Blue Book (KBB) also presents five-year ownership estimates and notes that a new vehicle loses an average of 55% of its original value after five years. That is a general estimate, not a forecast for any of the four models below. KBB describes its cost-of-ownership categories.
How the selected 2025 estimates compare
The figures below are KBB estimates for different models or configurations in the U.S. market, not a controlled brand-versus-brand test. They are a dated snapshot; estimates can vary by trim and page, so check the live estimate for the exact vehicle you want.
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| Vehicle in KBB estimate | Five-year cost to own | Five-year depreciation | Out-of-pocket expenses |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 BMW 5 Series | $81,660 | $38,934 | $42,726 |
| 2025 Volvo S90 | $82,525 | $37,236 | $45,289 |
| 2025 Mercedes-Benz E-Class | $92,890 | $39,366 | $53,524 |
| 2025 Audi A6 45 TFSI Premium Plus | $100,053 | $41,517 | not stated on the cited estimate |
In these selected estimates, the BMW is $865 below the Volvo over five years, while the Mercedes-Benz is $11,230 above the BMW and the Audi is $7,163 above the Mercedes-Benz. Those differences describe these estimates only; they do not establish that every BMW or Volvo costs less to own than every Audi or Mercedes-Benz.
Depreciation is a major component in all four estimates: it ranges from $37,236 for the Volvo S90 to $41,517 for the Audi A6 trim. A lower projected depreciation figure does not guarantee a particular resale price; actual resale depends on the vehicle, market, condition, mileage, and timing.
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Maintenance and repairs: useful context, not a model ranking
Consumer Reports’ analysis of its 2025 Annual Auto Surveys places Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Volvo among the more expensive brands for maintenance and repairs over time. Its analysis also reports that Audi and BMW owners’ costs were thousands of dollars lower over a decade than those for Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, and Land Rover. This is historical, owner-reported, brand-level spending—not a controlled test, a reliability score, or a forecast for a specific car.
Consumer Reports auto data analytics lead Steven Elek cautions that “The difference to maintain a car, on average, between some brands can be thousands of dollars over a 10-year time frame.” He also advises buyers to check predicted reliability for the models they are considering. Consumer Reports explains its maintenance and repair cost analysis.
Rank #3
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Warranty and included maintenance
The available 2025 BMW 5 Series information reports four years or 50,000 miles of new-vehicle coverage and three years or 36,000 miles of scheduled maintenance. These terms can reduce some early ownership costs, but they do not establish a complete comparison across all four brands. Warranty and maintenance coverage can differ by model, powertrain, market, and model year; review the applicable manufacturer documents for the exact car before buying. See the cited 2025 BMW 5 Series cost-to-own information.
How to compare the cars you are actually considering
- Match the vehicles. Compare the exact model year, trim, powertrain, and equipment. The estimates above cover an S90, 5 Series, E-Class, and one A6 trim, so they are not equivalent configurations.
- Use your real purchase numbers. Enter the transaction price you expect to pay, applicable taxes and fees, financing terms, and any incentives available to you. These can differ by location and buyer.
- Set realistic use and ownership assumptions. Use your expected annual mileage and the length of time you plan to keep the car. Edmunds’ 15,000-mile annual assumption may not fit your driving.
- Check location-specific running costs. Get insurance quotes using your location and driver profile, and estimate fuel or energy costs using your expected use.
- Review depreciation and coverage. Consider resale assumptions alongside scheduled maintenance, likely repairs, warranty limits, and any included maintenance. For a used car, also check its age, mileage, maintenance records, accident history, and remaining transferable coverage.
- Compare estimates on the same basis. Use the same ownership period and assumptions in each cost tool. Treat the result as a way to compare scenarios, not a promise of future costs.
Which brand is the better value?
If the question is limited to these four KBB snapshots, the BMW 5 Series has the lowest estimated five-year total, narrowly ahead of the Volvo S90. The figures do not support a universal brand winner: exact configuration, transaction price, mileage, insurance, financing, location, resale assumptions, and coverage can change the result. Compare the specific cars and costs relevant to your budget before deciding.
Quick Recap
Best Value
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Rank #4
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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
