Five mainstream automaker groups were designing and manufacturing gasoline inline-six engines used in serial-production vehicles during calendar 2023: BMW Group, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar Land Rover, Stellantis and Mazda.
This is a calendar-year-2023 list, not a strict U.S. model-year-2023 list. Mazda qualifies because its gasoline inline-six entered production and the first CX-90s reached dealers in spring 2023, even though the vehicle was sold as a 2024 model. Under a strict U.S. model-year-2023 definition, Mazda belongs in a clearly labeled 2023 launch/2024 model-year category, leaving four groups.
The list counts the company that designed and manufactured the engine, rather than every brand that sold a vehicle using one. Mild-hybrid systems qualify because the underlying engine is still a gasoline, spark-ignition inline-six.
What counts as a gasoline inline-six?
For this article, an automaker qualifies only when all of the following are true:
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- Cylinder layout: six cylinders arranged in one row. Inline-six, straight-six and I6 mean the same basic layout.
- Fuel: gasoline or petrol using spark ignition. Diesel inline-sixes do not count.
- Production: the engine was in serial-production road vehicles during calendar 2023. Concepts, prototypes, race engines, aftermarket conversions and future announcements are excluded.
- Corporate attribution: the engine is credited to the group that designed and manufactured it. A brand selling a sourced engine is not automatically a separate engine builder.
- Vehicle type: the application is a road-legal passenger car, SUV, pickup or other light vehicle.
A 48-volt mild-hybrid system does not change the engine’s classification. The electric motor, belt starter-generator or integrated starter-generator can assist acceleration, recuperate energy and improve stop-start operation, but the primary engine remains a gasoline inline-six. A plug-in hybrid would also qualify only if its gasoline engine itself met the same inline-six requirement.
The five automaker groups at a glance
| Automaker group | Gasoline inline-six family | Confirmed 2023 applications | Representative output or technology |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMW Group | B58 and high-performance S58 | BMW 740i, M240i, M340i, M440i, 540i, 840i, Z4 M40i, X-family models and selected M cars | 3.0-liter turbocharged engines; 2023 740i used the revised B58TU2 with 48-volt mild-hybrid assistance |
| Mercedes-Benz | M256 | S-Class, GLE, GLS and market-dependent E-Class, AMG and CLS applications | 3.0-liter turbocharged gasoline I6 with EQ Boost 48-volt technology |
| Jaguar Land Rover | 3.0-liter Ingenium gasoline I6 | Jaguar F-Pace and market-dependent Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, Defender and Velar models | Turbocharging, 48-volt mild hybrid and, in some applications, an electrically driven supercharger |
| Stellantis | 3.0-liter Hurricane | Wagoneer, Wagoneer L, Grand Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer L | Twin-turbo gasoline I6; approximately 420 hp or 510 hp in U.S. applications, depending on version |
| Mazda | e-Skyactiv G 3.3 Turbo | 2024 Mazda CX-90, launched and delivered during calendar 2023 | 280 hp or up to 340 hp in U.S. calibrations, with 48-volt M-Hybrid Boost |
Power figures in this table are representative, not universal. Outputs vary by calibration, fuel grade, emissions equipment, market and vehicle. European specifications may use PS and Nm rather than U.S. horsepower and lb-ft.
1. BMW Group: B58 and S58
BMW is the clearest example of the modern gasoline straight-six’s continuity. While other manufacturers were reintroducing the layout, BMW had continued developing and applying turbocharged inline-sixes across its rear-wheel-drive-based cars and SUVs.
The two relevant 2023 families were:
- B58: a 3.0-liter turbocharged gasoline inline-six used in mainstream BMW and M Performance vehicles.
- S58: a high-output 3.0-liter turbocharged inline-six developed for BMW M applications.
BMW’s technical documentation identifies the B58 as a six-cylinder gasoline engine. Its many versions do not produce identical power: turbocharger hardware, engine software, emissions equipment, compression strategy, cooling and mild-hybrid integration differ between applications. Some B58 applications produced figures such as 382 hp and 369 lb-ft in U.S. technical material; those numbers should not be treated as the specification for every B58 vehicle. See BMW’s B58 technical training material and BMW application information.
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Representative 2023 BMW applications included:
- M240i
- M340i
- M440i
- 540i
- 740i
- 840i
- Z4 M40i
- X3 M40i and X4 M40i
- X5 xDrive40i, X6 xDrive40i and X7 xDrive40i
- M3, M4, X3 M and X4 M with S58 variants
Availability and exact specifications depended on market and model year. The important point is that BMW Group had multiple gasoline straight-six families in genuine 2023 production, spanning ordinary luxury cars, SUVs and high-performance M vehicles.
2. Mercedes-Benz: the M256
Mercedes-Benz’s modern gasoline inline-six is the longitudinal M256, generally displacing approximately 3.0 liters. It combines turbocharging with Mercedes-Benz’s 48-volt EQ Boost mild-hybrid system. The powertrain can use an integrated starter-generator and, in some applications, an electrically driven auxiliary compressor to improve low-speed response before the turbocharger is fully effective.
In U.S. specification, the 2023 Mercedes-Benz S 500 used a turbocharged gasoline inline-six with mild-hybrid assistance rated at approximately 429 hp and 384 lb-ft. The 2023 GLE 450 used a 3.0-liter turbocharged inline-six with EQ Boost, rated at approximately 362 hp and 369 lb-ft. The figures and applications were not identical worldwide; Mercedes-Benz changed engines, trims and output ratings by market. U.S. S-Class specifications are documented by Edmunds’ 2023 S-Class specifications, while Mercedes’ GLE documentation describes the EQ Boost inline-six system in more detail.
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Representative 2023 Mercedes-Benz applications included:
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- S 450 and S 500
- E 450, depending on market and production timing
- GLE 450
- GLS 450
- AMG E 53
- AMG GLE 53
- AMG GT 53
- CLS 450 in markets where it remained available
There is an important Mercedes-Benz distinction: not every Mercedes six-cylinder engine is a gasoline inline-six. The company also sold V6 engines, four-cylinder engines, V8s and diesel inline-sixes in different markets and model lines. Therefore, a vehicle described only as having a Mercedes six-cylinder engine is not automatically part of this list.
3. Jaguar Land Rover: the Ingenium gasoline inline-six
Jaguar Land Rover’s qualifying engine is the 3.0-liter Ingenium gasoline inline-six. JLR says the engine was developed in-house and manufactured at its Engine Manufacturing Centre in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom. It arrived as part of the company’s mild-hybrid Ingenium engine expansion, described in JLR’s engine announcement.
The engine uses turbocharging, and some versions also use an electric supercharger. The electrically driven compressor helps build boost at low engine speeds, reducing the delay that can otherwise be associated with a large turbocharged engine. A 48-volt electrical system supports the hybrid functions.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchGasoline inline-six applications during 2023 included the following, with availability varying by country and trim:
- Jaguar F-Pace P400
- Range Rover P400
- Range Rover Sport P360 and P400
- Land Rover Defender P400
- Range Rover Velar P340 and P400
In U.S. specification, the 2023 Jaguar F-Pace P400 used a mild-hybrid 3.0-liter turbocharged and electrically supercharged gasoline I6 rated at 395 hp and 406 lb-ft, according to Jaguar’s 2023 model-year information.
European Velar figures illustrate why output comparisons need units and market labels. JLR listed the P340 at 340 PS and 480 Nm and the P400 at 400 PS and 550 Nm. Those are not interchangeable with U.S. horsepower and lb-ft without conversion, and the figures do not necessarily describe the same calibration sold in North America. JLR’s 2023 Velar information and Jaguar’s F-Pace model-year highlights identify the relevant applications.
JLR also produced 3.0-liter diesel Ingenium inline-sixes. Those engines are not part of this gasoline-only count. Saying only Ingenium straight-six without identifying the fuel type is therefore ambiguous.
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4. Stellantis: the 3.0-liter Hurricane
Stellantis entered the gasoline inline-six market with the 3.0-liter Hurricane, a clean-sheet twin-turbocharged engine. It uses gasoline direct injection, water-to-air charge cooling and plasma-transfer-wire-arc cylinder-wall coating. Stellantis manufactures the engine at its Saltillo Engine Plant in Mexico.
The verified 2023 applications were concentrated in the large Wagoneer family:
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- Wagoneer: standard-output Hurricane
- Wagoneer L: standard-output Hurricane
- Grand Wagoneer: high-output Hurricane on specified trims
- Grand Wagoneer L: high-output Hurricane on specified trims
The standard-output engine was rated at approximately 420 hp and 468 lb-ft in 2023 Wagoneer applications. The high-output version produced approximately 510 hp and 500 lb-ft in U.S. Grand Wagoneer applications. Export-market documents can show different figures, so these numbers should be labeled as U.S. ratings rather than presented as global specifications. The 2023 Wagoneer figures appear in the Stellantis 2023 Wagoneer buyer’s guide.
The Hurricane was discussed as a future powertrain for several Stellantis brands and products. That planning should not be confused with confirmed 2023 production. In particular, do not backdate the Ram 1500 application: Stellantis introduced the Hurricane-powered Ram 1500 as a 2025 model, not a 2023 model. The later application and Saltillo production information appear in Stellantis’ Ram 1500 Hurricane announcement.
For the 2023 snapshot, the defensible statement is therefore: the Hurricane was in production in the Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer family, while later Ram and other possible applications should remain outside the confirmed 2023 list unless supported by vehicle-specific production evidence.
5. Mazda: the e-Skyactiv G 3.3 Turbo
Mazda was the newest entrant on this list. In January 2023, it announced the e-Skyactiv G 3.3 Turbo, the company’s first modern gasoline inline-six, for the new CX-90. The SUV went on sale in spring 2023, but Mazda designated it a 2024 model. Mazda’s announcement is available through its official CX-90 release.
That timing creates the article’s main counting caveat. Mazda qualifies for a calendar-year production and availability list because the engine entered production and CX-90s reached dealers during 2023. It would be misleading, however, to call the CX-90 a U.S. model-year-2023 vehicle.
U.S. gasoline inline-six specifications were:
- e-Skyactiv G 3.3 Turbo: 280 hp and 332 lb-ft on regular fuel
- Turbo S: up to 340 hp and 369 lb-ft when operated on recommended premium fuel
- Hybrid assistance: 48-volt M-Hybrid Boost
- Transmission: Mazda eight-speed automatic
- Vehicle: 2024 Mazda CX-90
The higher-output Turbo S calibration depends on premium fuel for its full advertised horsepower. On lower-octane fuel, output can be reduced; contemporary testing reported that torque remained unchanged while horsepower fell. Mazda’s CX-90 pricing and packaging information covers the two gasoline-six calibrations and the M-Hybrid Boost system.
Mazda designed the engine for its longitudinal, rear-biased large-vehicle platform. The inline layout helped the company preserve space for a double-wishbone front suspension while also delivering the smoothness associated with a naturally balanced straight-six. Mazda’s design rationale is discussed in its CX-90 materials and in Car and Driver’s technical coverage.
Mazda also developed a 3.3-liter diesel inline-six for some international markets. That diesel is separate from the gasoline e-Skyactiv G engine and does not affect this count.
Calendar year versus model year: why the count changes
The phrase available in 2023 can refer to at least three different events:
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- the engine being manufactured during the calendar year;
- a vehicle being built or delivered during the calendar year; or
- a vehicle carrying an official 2023 model-year designation.
This article uses the first two when determining the five-group calendar-year total. Mazda announced its engine on January 17, 2023, and the 2024 CX-90 reached dealers in spring. That makes Mazda a genuine 2023 entrant even though its U.S. model-year label was 2024.
Under a strict U.S. model-year-2023 interpretation, BMW Group, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar Land Rover and Stellantis remain in the list. Mazda should be placed in a separate 2023 launch/2024 model-year section rather than silently included or excluded.
Why the straight-six returned
1. It is naturally smooth
An inline-six has strong inherent primary and secondary mechanical balance. The piston movements cancel major first- and second-order forces, allowing the engine to run smoothly without the balance-shaft arrangements often needed by other layouts. That does not make every straight-six vibration-free or automatically superior, but the basic geometry gives engineers a favorable starting point. Road & Track’s analysis of Mazda’s engine explains the balance advantage.
2. It is narrow
A straight-six is longer than a V6, but it has only one cylinder bank. In a longitudinal, rear-wheel-drive vehicle, that narrowness can leave useful room beside the engine for steering hardware, turbochargers, charge coolers, crash structures and suspension components.
This packaging advantage is especially relevant to premium SUVs and sedans using rear-drive-based platforms. Mazda, for example, selected the layout for a platform that also uses a double-wishbone front suspension. The trade-off is length: an inline-six generally needs more longitudinal engine-bay space and is poorly suited to transverse front-wheel-drive architectures. Car and Driver’s CX-90 engine explanation covers that packaging decision.
3. Turbocharging delivers V8-like output from less displacement
Modern turbocharging lets a 3.0-liter inline-six produce the torque and power once associated with larger naturally aspirated engines. Stellantis positioned the Hurricane as a high-output alternative to larger engines, with up to approximately 510 hp in the Grand Wagoneer. The comparison is not universal: actual fuel economy depends on vehicle weight, aerodynamics, gearing, boost use, driving style and emissions calibration. A turbocharged I6 is not automatically more efficient than every V6 or four-cylinder, nor does it universally replace a V8.
4. Mild-hybrid systems improve transient response
BMW, Mercedes-Benz, JLR and Mazda used 48-volt mild-hybrid assistance in at least some of their 2023 gasoline inline-six applications. The electrical system can provide launch assistance, smooth engine restarts, recover energy during deceleration and support accessories. It can also help make a turbocharged engine feel more responsive during the moments before full boost arrives.
These are not battery-electric vehicles or necessarily plug-in hybrids. The gasoline engine remains the central propulsion source, which is why these applications satisfy the definition used here.
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- General Motors’ 3.0-liter Duramax: an inline-six, but a diesel. It is outside a gasoline-only list. Car and Driver’s engine reference identifies the Duramax’s diesel classification.
- Mazda and JLR diesel sixes: both companies had diesel inline-six engines in some global applications, but the qualifying entries here are Mazda’s gasoline e-Skyactiv G and JLR’s gasoline Ingenium I6.
- V6 engines: a V6 has two cylinder banks arranged in a V. Similar displacement or power does not make it a straight-six.
- Toyota GR Supra: the six-cylinder Supra uses a BMW-related powertrain. Under a vehicle-sales list Toyota is relevant; under this builder-focused count, the engine is credited to BMW Group rather than added as an independent Toyota engine family.
- Ineos Grenadier: it is another relevant example under a broader list of vehicles sold with BMW-sourced inline-six power, but it should not be counted as an additional engine-building group without evidence that Ineos designed and manufactured the engine.
- Later Hurricane applications: the 2025 Ram 1500 is not a 2023 application. Announcements about possible Jeep, Dodge, Alfa Romeo or other products are not proof that those vehicles were in serial production with the Hurricane during 2023.
- Incorrect Jaguar applications: an E-Type reference should not be used as evidence of a 2023 Ingenium application. The relevant contemporary applications were vehicles such as the F-Pace, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, Defender and Velar.
Practical trade-offs for buyers and enthusiasts
Packaging is a strength and a limitation
The narrow engine block can benefit longitudinal chassis packaging, but the engine’s length can constrain front-end design. That is why the 2023 gasoline-six revival was concentrated in rear-drive luxury cars, premium SUVs and large trucks rather than small transverse-engine cars.
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- EXTENDED SERVICE LIFE: Meets or exceeds OE standards, lasting up to 15,000-miles
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The layout is smooth, not simple
A straight-six’s mechanical balance does not mean every modern example is mechanically uncomplicated. Most of these 2023 engines used turbocharging, direct injection and sophisticated cooling. Depending on the application, buyers may also encounter twin turbochargers, an electric compressor, an integrated starter-generator, a 48-volt battery and several cooling circuits. The configuration can be inherently smooth while still carrying the complexity of a modern high-output powertrain.
Check the fuel recommendation
There is no single fuel rule for all five engine families:
- Mazda’s standard CX-90 gasoline six was calibrated for regular fuel.
- Mazda’s Turbo S delivered its advertised maximum output on premium fuel.
- BMW and Mercedes-Benz six-cylinder models commonly required or recommended premium fuel in the United States.
- Stellantis Hurricane fuel recommendations varied by version and market.
- JLR specifications also depended on market and calibration.
Fuel grade affects operating cost and, in some applications, advertised output. Always check the manual and the vehicle-specific certification label rather than assuming that all 3.0-liter inline-sixes share the same requirement.
Do not infer reliability from cylinder layout
An inline-six has balance advantages, but it is not automatically more reliable than a V6 or V8. Turbochargers, direct injection, high thermal loads and 48-volt hybrid hardware create additional systems that can affect long-term ownership. Reliability is an engine-family- and application-specific question, not a guaranteed consequence of using six cylinders in one row.
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Using the stated rules—gasoline spark ignition, six cylinders in one row, serial-production road vehicles during calendar 2023 and attribution to the engine-building corporate group—the answer is:
- BMW Group: B58 and S58 gasoline inline-sixes.
- Mercedes-Benz: M256 gasoline inline-six.
- Jaguar Land Rover: 3.0-liter Ingenium gasoline inline-six.
- Stellantis: 3.0-liter Hurricane gasoline inline-six.
- Mazda: e-Skyactiv G 3.3 Turbo gasoline inline-six, launched in the 2024 CX-90 during calendar 2023.
That is five automaker groups, not five brands and not every company that sold a vehicle powered by a sourced BMW engine. The straight-six did not become universally practical again; it became strategically attractive where longitudinal platforms, turbocharging, premium positioning and mild-hybrid assistance could offset its length and complexity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Mazda really count as a 2023 gasoline inline-six manufacturer?
Yes, under a calendar-year definition. Mazda announced the 3.3-liter gasoline inline-six in January 2023, began production and put the CX-90 on sale in spring 2023. The qualification is that the CX-90 was officially a 2024 U.S. model, so Mazda should be separated from a strict model-year-2023 list.
Why are Toyota and Ineos not counted as separate engine builders?
The Toyota GR Supra and Ineos Grenadier are relevant vehicles with BMW-related inline-six powertrains. This article counts the corporate group that designed and manufactured the engine, so the powertrain is credited to BMW Group. Toyota and Ineos would belong on a broader list of automakers selling vehicles with gasoline inline-sixes.
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Is a mild-hybrid gasoline inline-six still a gasoline engine?
Yes. A 48-volt mild-hybrid system assists the gasoline engine with launch response, energy recovery and engine restarting, but it does not change the engine’s cylinder layout or fuel type. It is different from a battery-electric vehicle and usually different from a plug-in hybrid.
Which Stellantis vehicles had the Hurricane inline-six in 2023?
The confirmed 2023 applications were the Wagoneer, Wagoneer L, Grand Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer L, with standard-output and high-output versions depending on vehicle and trim. The Hurricane-powered Ram 1500 was a later 2025-model application, not a 2023 one.
The Bottom Line
Bottom line: Five mainstream automaker groups built gasoline inline-six engines used in production vehicles during calendar 2023: BMW Group, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar Land Rover, Stellantis and Mazda. BMW, Mercedes-Benz, JLR and Stellantis had qualifying applications sold as 2023 vehicles in relevant markets; Mazda joined the calendar-year list through the 2024 CX-90, which reached dealers in 2023.
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