The Plymouth 440 Six Barrel was not a larger engine than the 440 four-barrel: both were 440-cubic-inch V-8s. The Six Barrel used three two-barrel carburetors and had higher compression and slightly higher factory-rated output. Its availability also changed by model year: the 1969 A12 version was a Road Runner option, while in 1970 the 440-6 was available in both Road Runner and GTX.
What “Six Barrel” means
“Six Barrel” refers to six carburetor barrels, arranged as three Holley two-barrel carburetors. The four-barrel version used one Carter four-barrel carburetor. Both engines displaced 440 cubic inches and used a V-8 layout; the name does not mean six cylinders or six separate carburetors. Plymouth’s 1969 specifications and its 1970 specifications document the configurations.
How the specifications compare
| Specification | 440 four-barrel | 440 Six Barrel (440-6) |
| Displacement and layout | 440-cubic-inch V-8 | 440-cubic-inch V-8 |
| Carburetion | One Carter four-barrel | Three Holley two-barrel carburetors |
| 1969 compression ratio | 10.1:1 | 10.5:1 |
| 1969 factory-rated output | 375 hp at 4,600 rpm; 480 lb-ft at 3,200 rpm | 390 hp at 4,700 rpm; 490 lb-ft at 3,200 rpm |
| 1970 compression ratio | 9.7:1 | 10.5:1 |
| 1970 factory-rated output | 375 hp at 4,600 rpm; 480 lb-ft at 3,200 rpm | 390 hp at 4,700 rpm; 490 lb-ft at 3,200 rpm |
The figures are Plymouth’s model-year factory specifications, not results from a controlled comparison or a promise of a particular road-test gain. In both years, the listed 440-6 advantage was 15 hp and 10 lb-ft. For 1969, the fact sheet lists the same cam timing and lift figures for the two engines, so the specification difference is not simply a different published cam profile. The 1969 fact sheet and the 1970 fact sheet give the year-specific numbers.
Which Plymouth models offered each engine?
1969: the A12 Road Runner
The 440 four-barrel was listed for the GTX. The 440-6 arrived as the midyear A12 option for the Road Runner, rather than as a generally available engine across Plymouth’s 440 lineup. The A12 was a package, not just an engine: its listed equipment included black 15-by-6-inch steel wheels, a black fiberglass lift-off hood with pins, a functional hood scoop, and a Dana 60 axle with 4.10:1 gearing. Those details describe the 1969 package; they should not be assumed to apply to every later 440-6 car. The 1969 Plymouth fact sheet provides the application and package details.
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1970: Road Runner and GTX
In 1970, the 440 four-barrel remained the GTX’s standard engine, while the 440 Six Barrel was an option for the GTX and also an optional Road Runner engine. Plymouth’s 1970 brochure describes those offerings, and the 1970 fact sheet supplies the specifications. That year-to-year change is why “Plymouth 440” alone does not identify a single carburetion setup or model application.
What changed on the 1970 Six Barrel?
The 1970 440-6 generally used a factory cast-iron intake manifold in place of the 1969 version’s Edelbrock aluminum intake. The 1970 fact sheet notes that some early cars reportedly used remaining aluminum intakes, so an aluminum piece is not by itself proof that a car is a 1969 model. Check the car’s year and other application-specific evidence before drawing a conclusion from the manifold alone. The 1970 fact sheet describes the intake change and the early-car qualification.
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What matters when identifying or restoring one?
- Confirm model year and application. A 1969 A12 Road Runner and a 1970 Road Runner or GTX do not have identical application histories or necessarily identical hardware.
- Match carburetors to transmission and year. The year-specific specifications list transmission-related carburetor variants, so do not assume one carburetor part number fits every 440-6 car. Use application-matched documentation when sourcing replacement carburetors or a 440 Six Barrel carburetor linkage.
- Do not infer performance from the rating alone. The published hp and torque figures establish factory-rated output differences, not a guaranteed acceleration, fuel-economy, or drivability result between two individual cars.
- Treat package equipment as package-specific. The wheels, lift-off hood, scoop, and axle gearing listed for the 1969 A12 should not automatically be attributed to all 1970 440-6 applications.
For verification, compare the relevant year’s engine and application details in the 1969 fact sheet or 1970 fact sheet alongside the car’s transmission and model documentation.
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