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Multa de 200 euros por llevar una luz fundida: qué se revisa y cuándo impide circular

La multa general por una infracción grave es de 200 euros, pero una luz fundida no implica automáticamente esa sanción. Importan el alumbrado exigible y las circunstancias de circulación.
Entry951 Date Time3 min MechanicCarCody Team

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No cualquier bombilla fundida implica automáticamente una multa de 200 euros. En España, la ley sanciona como infracción grave circular sin el alumbrado reglamentario; la multa general para las infracciones graves es de 200 euros. Para valorar un caso concreto importa qué luz falla y si debía estar encendida en ese momento. La inmovilización tampoco es automática: puede acordarse si las deficiencias del vehículo suponen un riesgo especialmente grave para la seguridad vial.

Cuándo hay que llevar el alumbrado encendido

El Reglamento General de Circulación exige usar el alumbrado correspondiente entre el ocaso y la salida del sol. También lo exige durante el día en túneles, pasos inferiores y tramos señalizados como túnel que estén insuficientemente iluminados. Si la niebla, la lluvia intensa, la nieve o el humo o polvo reducen sensiblemente la visibilidad, hay que encender las luces que correspondan a esas circunstancias.

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Hay además casos específicos: las motocicletas deben llevar encendida la luz de cruce durante el día, al igual que los vehículos que circulen por determinados carriles reversibles o habilitados en sentido contrario. El Reglamento considera infracción grave circular sin alumbrado en situaciones de falta o disminución de visibilidad. Por eso, no basta con decir que hay una bombilla fundida: importa si la luz afectada era necesaria para circular en las condiciones concretas. Reglamento General de Circulación, artículos 98, 101, 104 y 106.

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De dónde salen los 200 euros

La Ley sobre Tráfico incluye entre las infracciones graves circular sin hacer uso del alumbrado reglamentario. Su artículo 80.1 establece una multa general de 200 euros para las infracciones graves. Esa cuantía legal no significa que cualquier fallo de cualquier bombilla, en cualquier circunstancia, conlleve automáticamente la misma sanción: primero debe valorarse la conducta tipificada y si se circulaba sin el alumbrado exigible. Ley sobre Tráfico, artículos 76 y 80.

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Qué comprueba la ITV en las luces

La ITV revisa visualmente y comprueba el funcionamiento de distintos elementos del alumbrado. Entre ellos figuran los faros, las luces de posición delanteras y traseras, las luces de freno, los intermitentes y las luces antiniebla. La valoración del defecto depende de qué dispositivo está afectado y de su efecto: las tablas de inspección distinguen, entre otros aspectos, si hay una fuente luminosa única o múltiple, cuánto se reduce la visibilidad, si una lámpara está suelta y si funciona el sistema de conmutación.

La inspección técnica evalúa el estado del vehículo; la sanción de tráfico se refiere a circular sin el alumbrado reglamentario cuando es exigible. Son comprobaciones distintas, aunque ambas pueden tener relación con la misma avería. Manual de procedimiento de inspección de las estaciones ITV.

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  • More Down Road Visibility: XtraVision bulbs have an enhanced down road visibility with no added glare.
  • Reliable Design For Optimal Performance: XtraVision bulbs have a robust filament design and propriety gas mixture that can be driven for superior performance.
  • Confirm Fit: When using the Amazon Part Finder, be sure to confirm the POSITION and NOTES provided. For some vehicles, bulbs may fit some positions (fog light, low beam, high beam, or high/low beam), but not all. The POSITION and NOTES ensure Exact Fit! AVAILABLE IN: 9003, 9004, 9005, 9006, 9007, 9008/H1, H3, H7, H11, H13.
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Cuándo pueden impedir que sigas circulando

La Ley sobre Tráfico permite a los agentes inmovilizar un vehículo si sus deficiencias constituyen un riesgo especialmente grave para la seguridad vial. El criterio legal es la gravedad del riesgo, no la mera existencia de cualquier bombilla averiada. Por tanto, que una luz defectuosa impida continuar depende de la deficiencia y de las circunstancias concretas; la norma no establece una inmovilización automática por toda luz fundida. Ley sobre Tráfico, artículo 104.

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Qué hacer si detectas una luz fundida

  1. Identifica qué luz ha fallado. Comprueba si se trata de un faro, una luz de posición, freno, intermitente o antiniebla, y si el fallo afecta a una o varias fuentes.
  2. Valora las condiciones antes de circular. Si la luz es necesaria por la hora, la visibilidad, el tipo de vía o el vehículo, no des por hecho que puedes circular normalmente con ella averiada.
  3. Consulta el manual del vehículo para elegir el recambio. La referencia y compatibilidad dependen del coche; no existe un único tipo de bombilla válido para todos.
  4. Repara el sistema y comprueba el resultado. Sustituir una lámpara por una pieza incorrecta o dejar incompleta la reparación puede no resolver el defecto que se revisa en la ITV.

Las tablas de inspección ITV están recogidas en el Reglamento de inspección técnica de vehículos.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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