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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesMotorcycle licence rules depend on where you live and what you want to ride. In Great Britain—England, Scotland and Wales—a new rider generally needs the correct provisional motorcycle entitlement and must complete Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) before riding on public roads as a learner. CBT is not a full licence: it permits limited learner riding for up to two years, subject to category and learner restrictions. The age and machine limits for a full licence depend on category, from AM at 16 to unrestricted category A at 24 by direct access, or at 21 through progressive access.
Start by identifying your jurisdiction and licence route
There is no single worldwide “motorcycle learner licence.” The rules may depend on your country, state or territory, age, existing licence and the motorcycle category you intend to ride. This guide explains the detailed route for Great Britain, which means England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland has a separately administered system; US requirements vary by state, and Australian learner rules vary by state and territory.
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Before booking training or riding, establish three things:
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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minute- Which authority governs you? Use the licensing authority for your country and, where relevant, state, territory or devolved administration.
- What entitlement is on your licence? A provisional entitlement is category-specific. It is not permission to ride any motorcycle.
- What category and route do you need? Age, machine limits, prior licence experience and the route you choose affect the training and tests required.
For Great Britain, the current GOV.UK/DVSA page “Riding a motorcycle, moped or motor tricycle: Bike categories, ages and licence requirements” and the Highway Code’s “Annex 2. Motorcycle licence requirements” are the appropriate places to confirm the exact rules. The Highway Code says: “If you have a provisional motorcycle licence, you MUST satisfactorily complete a Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) course.”
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How CBT works in Great Britain
What CBT does—and does not—allow
Compulsory Basic Training is the usual gateway to riding as a learner on public roads in Great Britain. You need the relevant provisional motorcycle entitlement and must satisfactorily complete CBT. It is training rather than a full motorcycle licence, and its certificate is valid for two years.
After CBT, eligible learners may ride unaccompanied on a permitted moped or A1 motorcycle within the applicable learner rules. The provisional entitlement and category determine which machine is allowed. In particular, CBT does not make a larger motorcycle lawful to ride alone. A learner may train on a larger-category machine only if the age and category prerequisites are met and the training takes place under the approved instructor arrangements; that training permission is not independent learner entitlement.
Learner conditions
Before passing the relevant test, a learner must display L plates. In Wales, D plates or L plates, or both, may be used. Learners may not carry a pillion passenger or tow a trailer, and learner motorcycle riders may not use motorways. These are conditions of learner status, not optional precautions.
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When the certificate expires
If the two-year CBT certificate expires before you obtain the relevant full licence, you generally need to pass the relevant test or complete CBT again to continue riding under learner conditions. Do not assume an expired certificate can be extended or that a test booking preserves learner entitlement; check the current DVSA guidance and your licence status before riding.
Great Britain motorcycle categories, ages and machine limits
The category you qualify for controls both the machine you may ride and the route to a full licence. The table summarizes the ordinary current route; check the official category page for precise specifications and test-machine requirements before choosing a training or test motorcycle.
| Category | Minimum age on ordinary route | Main machine limit or route |
|---|---|---|
| AM | 16 | Moped with maximum design speed of 25–45 km/h. The official category table also includes relevant small three-wheelers and quadricycles. CBT, theory and practical requirements apply for the relevant full category. |
| A1 | 17 | Motorcycle up to 125 cc and 11 kW, with power-to-weight ratio no more than 0.1 kW/kg; certain tricycles up to 15 kW. Learner riding after CBT remains restricted. |
| A2 | 19 | Motorcycle up to 35 kW and power-to-weight ratio no more than 0.2 kW/kg. The motorcycle must not be derived from a vehicle with more than twice its power. |
| A | 24 by direct access; 21 by progressive access | Unrestricted motorcycle power and size, subject to specific test-machine requirements. Progressive access requires holding A2 for at least two years and passing a practical test. |
Is a 125 cc motorcycle allowed after CBT?
Potentially, if you are eligible for the A1 learner route, have the relevant provisional entitlement and have satisfactorily completed CBT. A 125 cc engine size alone is not enough to establish that the motorcycle is permitted: the A1 limits also include maximum power and power-to-weight ratio, and learner restrictions still apply. CBT does not turn that learner permission into a full A1 licence.
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Choosing A2 or unrestricted A
A2 is the ordinary route for riders aged 19 or older who want a motorcycle within its 35 kW and power-to-weight limits. A rider can pursue category A by direct access from age 24, or by progressive access at 21 or older after holding A2 for at least two years and passing a practical test. The test motorcycle must meet the requirements for the category being sought; check the current official specifications when arranging a test.
From learner status to a full motorcycle licence
Ordinary route
The usual route involves the relevant theory test and practical test modules for the category. The exact sequence depends on the category, the rider’s existing entitlement and whether access is direct or progressive. A CBT certificate alone does not confer full category entitlement.
- Check your provisional entitlement and target category. Confirm that your age and licence status allow you to follow the route you intend.
- Complete CBT if required for your learner route. Training must be completed satisfactorily with an approved provider before riding on public roads under the usual learner arrangement.
- Prepare for and take the required tests. Confirm whether your route requires the theory test and which practical modules apply. Requirements differ by category and progression route.
- Wait until the full category is actually granted before riding outside learner conditions. Passing or completing one stage is not the same as holding unrestricted entitlement for a larger category.
Progressive access is not the same as direct access
Progressive access recognizes qualifying experience on a lower full category, but the holding period and further test matter. For A2, the route described by DVSA permits progression after two years on A1 with a further practical test. For unrestricted A, the rider must be at least 21, have held A2 for at least two years and pass a practical test. Specific exemptions or test sequences can depend on the route, so do not assume every rider repeats every test—or that experience alone upgrades a licence.
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What changes outside Great Britain?
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is not covered by the Great Britain flowchart and has separate arrangements. The Department for Transport notes that motorcycle training, testing and licensing is devolved to Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland readers should consult the current local licensing authority rather than applying the Great Britain age, test or learner rules by assumption.
United States
In the US, motorcycle licensing regulations vary substantially among states. NHTSA says: “Although motorcycle-licensing regulations vary, all states require a motorcycle license endorsement to supplement their automobile driver’s license.” State permit phases may include restrictions involving passengers, nighttime riding, road types or supervision. NHTSA also reports that a full graduated licensing system for motorcyclists has not been implemented nationally, although many states have some components, often for younger new riders.
Check your state motor vehicle agency for the current minimum age, permit duration, required training, skills test, supervision rules, passenger restrictions and nighttime conditions. A rule found for one state may not apply in another.
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Australia
Australian motorcycle learner rules are set at state and territory level. The Australian Government Office of Road Safety published “Rules for L motorbike riders by State and Territory” in October 2025 as a comparison resource. Use the relevant state or territory authority to confirm the conditions that apply to an individual learner; a national comparison document is not a substitute for local requirements.
Why valid licensing matters
Licensing is not merely paperwork: riding outside the entitlement shown on your licence can leave you without the required legal qualification and learner protections. NHTSA’s US materials report two separate statistics that should not be conflated: in its 2021 motorcycle licensing countermeasures material, 36% of motorcycle riders involved in fatal crashes did not have valid motorcycle licences; its 2024 motorcycle safety page says 35% of motorcycle operators involved in fatal crashes were riding without valid motorcycle licences. They refer to different reporting years and wording, and neither should be read as a measure of the risk for a particular individual or jurisdiction outside the US.
Check these details before you ride
- Your licence has the correct provisional or full motorcycle entitlement for the intended category.
- Your age meets the requirement for the training, learner route or full category you plan to use.
- Your CBT certificate is current if you are relying on it to ride as a learner in Great Britain.
- The motorcycle fits the applicable category’s engine, power, speed and power-to-weight limits.
- You understand the learner restrictions that apply where you live, including plates, passengers, trailers, roads, supervision and time of day.
- You have confirmed the required theory and practical tests, including any route-specific rules for progressive access.
For Great Britain, GOV.UK/DVSA’s category and licence guidance, the Highway Code’s motorcycle licence requirements, and DVSA’s “How to get a motorcycle licence” flowchart provide the starting points. The flowchart was last updated on 1 March 2022, so use current text guidance for volatile details. For other jurisdictions, start with the licensing authority responsible for your residence.
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