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How to Compare the Total Cost of Owning an EV and a Petrol or Diesel Car

A fair EV-versus-petrol cost comparison uses equivalent cars, the same mileage and ownership period, local costs, and realistic resale assumptions.

By CarCody Team 6 min read
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To compare the cost of owning an EV with a petrol or diesel car, use equivalent vehicles, the same ownership period and annual distance, and prices from your location. Add purchase and financing costs, taxes and fees, insurance, energy, maintenance and any home-charging equipment you actually need; then subtract eligible incentives and expected resale value. There is no universal cheaper option: the result depends on your prices, driving and how long you keep the car.

Set up a fair comparison

Compare vehicles that meet the same needs, not just the same price bracket. Match body style, size, age and condition, performance requirements, and purchase channel as closely as practical. Compare new with new or used with used, and use each vehicle’s actual transaction price, including taxes and fees.

Choose one holding period and one annual distance for both cars. Mileage affects energy use; the holding period affects accumulated operating costs and resale value. If your driving could vary substantially, calculate low, expected and high annual-distance cases rather than relying on a single guess.

Build the full ownership-cost total

Use the same accounting method for both vehicles:

Ownership cost = purchase price + financing + taxes and fees + insurance + energy + maintenance and repairs + required charging equipment and installation − incentives − resale value.

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Alternatively, show depreciation as purchase price minus expected resale value, but do not also subtract resale value elsewhere. Include costs and incentives consistently. State any material costs you exclude. Keep emissions outside the financial total unless you explicitly show a separately monetized carbon cost.

Purchase, tax and financing

Start with the actual price, not a headline sticker price. Include applicable sales or purchase taxes, registration and other fees. If borrowing, use the loan amount, term and interest cost that apply to your purchase; financing can make a lower sticker price less economical if the total borrowing cost is higher.

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Apply a rebate, subsidy or tax benefit only if the specific buyer, vehicle and purchase qualify under the rules in that jurisdiction. Do not apply a national incentive headline automatically to a particular transaction. The U.S. consumer car-buying guide advises buyers to ask for the total price including costs and fees and to account for interest when borrowing: Federal Trade Commission car-buying guidance.

Insurance and local recurring costs

Get local quotes for the exact vehicles and comparable coverage, deductibles and drivers. Do not assume an EV is always cheaper or more expensive to insure. Add road or registration taxes and fees that recur during your chosen ownership period.

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Energy: fuel and electricity

Estimate consumption using manufacturer figures or a vehicle source relevant to your market, then apply local petrol or diesel prices or electricity tariffs. For an EV, split expected charging among home, workplace and public charging whenever rates differ; assuming all charging happens at home can materially distort the comparison. Include charging losses only when your calculator or a reliable source supports a defensible estimate.

Energy cost grows with distance driven, but that alone does not determine the overall winner. Purchase price, financing, charging mix, fuel and electricity prices, insurance, depreciation and ownership duration all affect the total.

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Maintenance, repairs and charging equipment

Estimate routine maintenance and plausible repairs for each vehicle over the same period. Avoid assuming one powertrain always has lower repair or servicing costs. For an EV, add charger equipment and installation only if a dedicated home charger is needed. Check local electrical requirements, property constraints and compatibility with the vehicle; buying a charger does not necessarily include installation.

Resale value and depreciation

Estimate what each car could sell for at the end of your chosen period and mileage. Depreciation is the purchase price less that residual value. Resale estimates are uncertain, so show a lower and higher plausible value when the result is sensitive to them.

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Calculate and test the result

  1. Record the baseline. List the vehicles, actual purchase prices, ownership years, annual distance, location and purchase date assumptions.
  2. Enter local costs. Add financing, taxes and fees, insurance quotes, energy prices, charging mix, maintenance and any required charger installation.
  3. Apply eligible incentives. Confirm jurisdiction and buyer eligibility, then subtract incentives consistently.
  4. Estimate end value. Subtract expected resale once, or show depreciation as purchase price minus resale value.
  5. Show both totals. Report full-period ownership cost and annualized cost (total divided by years owned), alongside the assumptions.
  6. Run sensitivity cases. Vary uncertain inputs such as annual distance, public-charging share, energy prices and resale value. A break-even year is meaningful only for the scenario used to calculate it.

Official calculators can organize these inputs, but their defaults are not guarantees. Verify the selected model and trim, market data, tax treatment, energy prices and residual-value assumptions before relying on an output.

Calculators and what they include

Tool What it covers Important qualification
International Energy Agency Total Cost of Ownership tool Purchase costs, ongoing fuelling or charging and maintenance, plus financing. Inputs include region, year, annual distance, vehicle type, powertrain, fuel price and whether a home charger will be installed. The page says it was last updated on 13 December 2022; verify current local assumptions. The IEA describes it as a way to calculate and fairly compare vehicle ownership and operating costs over a period.
U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center Vehicle Cost Calculator Ownership costs and emissions based on driving habits and vehicle data; it allows comparisons of up to eight vehicles. The page cautions that prices and specifications change frequently and that not all data have been verified by DOE or the site manager.
European Alternative Fuels Observatory calculator Inputs include mileage per year, country and years of ownership; listed costs include purchase price, subsidy, residual value or depreciation, road tax, energy, insurance and maintenance. The calculator states that its calculations use German market and financial-system data. Its default result should not be treated as representative of every European country.

Why published savings are not a personal forecast

Government and study examples illustrate how strongly results depend on place, time and assumptions. They are useful context, not a substitute for your own calculation.

  • United Kingdom: Department for Transport guidance from January 2024 estimated home charging for a medium-sized EV at 8p per mile, compared with 13p–17p per mile for petrol or diesel. It said public-network charging averaged roughly the cost of fuelling an equivalent petrol car. These are UK estimates from that date, not current prices everywhere. UK Department for Transport guidance.
  • Canada: A Clean Energy Canada study, as summarized by the Government of Canada, estimated 10-year ownership cost below $49,000 for a $39,000 small EV versus above $80,000 for a comparable $30,000 gasoline car. The cited estimate included upfront price, applicable rebates, operating and maintenance costs, less resale value. The government page also says incentives and running-cost differences can bring some EVs to break-even within a few years; this is not a universal threshold. Government of Canada EV FAQ.
  • Australia: The Australian Government’s electric-vehicle facts page gives comparative estimates of up to 70% fuel savings and 40% servicing-cost savings. It also illustrates annual fuel savings of $1,000 for an average car travelling around 13,400 km per year, or $2,000 if the EV charges on an off-peak rate. These are Australian government estimates under their stated context, not guaranteed outcomes for an individual. Australian Government electric vehicle facts.

Do not combine examples from different countries, years, vehicle classes or study assumptions into one estimate. Use local current prices and rules for your decision.

When a home charger changes the calculation

A dedicated Level 2 charger is a conditional cost, not a required addition for every EV owner. Include the equipment and installation if you need faster or more controlled home charging. If you can charge adequately using existing facilities or rely on workplace or public charging, model that actual arrangement instead. The IEA calculator treats home-charger installation as a possible cost, and the Australian Government notes a dedicated charger may help drivers who need faster home charging or more control.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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