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E15

E15 vs. E85: Which Vehicles Can Use Each Fuel?

E15 is permitted for specified newer passenger vehicles and FFVs; E85 is only for flex-fuel vehicles designed to use it. Check the fuel door and owner’s manual.

By CarCody Team 2 min read
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In the United States, E15 is approved for flex-fuel vehicles and specified model year 2001-or-newer cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. E85 is only for flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) designed to use it. For a specific vehicle, check its fuel door and owner’s manual before filling up.

Which vehicles can use E15?

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) describes E15 as a blend of 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline. Under EPA guidance, it may be used in FFVs and in model year 2001-or-newer cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles, including SUVs. The rule is not a blanket approval for every engine in a newer vehicle.

EPA lists these categories as excluded from E15 use:

  • On-highway and nonroad motorcycles.
  • Vehicles with heavy-duty engines, including school buses, transit buses, and delivery trucks.
  • Nonroad vehicles such as boats and snowmobiles.
  • Engines in nonroad equipment such as lawnmowers and chainsaws.
  • Model year 2000-and-older cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

See the EPA’s E15 fuel registration guidance for the eligibility categories and exclusions.

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Which vehicles can use E85?

E85 is a gasoline and denatured ethanol blend containing up to 85% ethanol. EPA says it can only be used in FFVs specifically designed for E85 or for gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from E0 to E85. Do not use E85 in a conventional gasoline vehicle unless its documentation identifies it as an FFV approved for the fuel.

EPA’s E85 guidance sets out this FFV-only restriction.

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How to check whether your vehicle is flex-fuel

  1. Look inside the fuel door. Check for an FFV or flex-fuel marking and any fuel instructions.
  2. Check the owner’s manual. Confirm the approved fuel types for your exact model year and engine; do not rely on the model name alone.
  3. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions if anything is unclear. EPA recommends checking the fuel door or owner’s manual to identify an FFV. Its consumer guidance on ethanol and green vehicles explains this check.
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E15 and E85 at a glance

Fuel EPA blend description Vehicles covered by EPA guidance Key check
E15 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline FFVs and model year 2001-or-newer cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles, subject to the listed exclusions Confirm the vehicle type and model year, then check its fuel door and owner’s manual.
E85 Gasoline and denatured ethanol, with up to 85% ethanol Only FFVs designed for E85 or blends from E0 to E85 Confirm the vehicle is designated as an FFV and is approved for E85.

EPA requires dispensers selling E15 to carry a specific label under its rule on mitigating misfueling. Read the pump label, but use the vehicle’s documentation to determine whether that fuel is compatible. These eligibility rules summarize U.S. EPA guidance; they should not be assumed to apply to vehicles in other countries.

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