There is no single cost that fits every driver. AAA’s September 2026 estimate puts the average cost to own and operate a new vehicle at $12,863 a year, or $1,071.92 a month, under a five-year, 75,000-mile model. That is a U.S. benchmark—not a quote for your car or household. To estimate your own cost, choose a time period and mileage, then account for depreciation, financing, fuel or electricity, insurance, fees, maintenance, repairs, tires, and any other costs you will incur.
What does it cost to own a car?
The most useful answer is a personalized estimate for a specific vehicle, location, driver, and ownership period. A sticker price or monthly loan payment leaves out major costs. In particular, a car loses value as it ages and accumulates mileage, while insurance, fuel, fees, and repairs continue to affect your budget.
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For a current U.S. reference point, AAA’s September 15, 2026 Your Driving Costs release estimates that a new vehicle costs an average of $12,863 per year ($1,071.92 per month) to own and operate. AAA models five years and 75,000 miles, equivalent to an average of 15,000 miles annually over that period. Its 2026 methodology update means this figure is not directly comparable with AAA’s 2025 estimate; it should not be described as a like-for-like year-over-year increase.
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AAA’s 2025 estimate was $11,577 per year ($964.78 per month), also modeled over five years and 75,000 miles. It covered selected new vehicles, not every car or driver. The change in methodology between releases is an important reason to use either figure as a dated benchmark, rather than as a forecast for your own budget.
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AAA’s 2025 per-mile figures
AAA’s 2025 fact sheet reported the following average costs per mile for the selected new vehicles in its study. The average fell as annual mileage rose because some ownership costs are spread over more miles; that does not mean that every individual cost falls when you drive farther.
| Annual mileage in AAA’s 2025 analysis | Reported average cost per mile |
|---|---|
| 10,000 miles | $1.00 |
| 15,000 miles | $0.77 |
| 20,000 miles | $0.66 |
These are averages for the study’s selected new vehicles and assumptions, not a guaranteed rate for an individual car. For example, extra miles usually raise fuel or charging expense and can bring forward tire replacement or maintenance, even as fixed costs such as some fees are divided across more miles.
How to calculate your total cost of ownership
Start by deciding what question you want the estimate to answer. For a purchase decision, a practical comparison is the net economic cost over a defined period: the costs incurred during that period, including the value the vehicle loses, minus the money you expect to recover when you sell or trade it. Calculate cash flow separately if you also need to know how much money must leave your account and when.
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Net cost formula
A transparent worksheet can use this formula:
Total cost during the period = financing cost + fuel or charging + insurance + taxes and fees + maintenance, repairs, and tires + other included costs + (purchase price − expected resale value).
This is a practical synthesis of the categories used by AAA and federal consumer guidance, not a formula quoted verbatim by either source. State whether your purchase price is the negotiated vehicle price or the full out-the-door price, and do not include a fee in two categories.
Keep economic cost separate from cash flow
Do not add all loan principal to depreciation as if both were independent costs. Principal payments reduce the amount you owe and build equity in the vehicle; depreciation is the loss in the vehicle’s value. Counting the full principal paid and the depreciation loss in one net-cost total would count overlapping parts of the purchase twice.
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For an economic-cost estimate, count financing interest and charges as costs, and count the vehicle’s purchase price less its resale value. For a cash-flow view, list the money paid up front and the loan payments made during the period, then show expected resale proceeds separately. AAA’s model treats depreciation from purchase to estimated trade-in as a cost and includes finance charges separately.
If you buy with cash, do not enter a fictional loan charge. You may choose to estimate an opportunity cost for money tied up in the car, but that is an assumption for your comparison, not a bill charged by the seller or lender.
Costs to include in your estimate
Use actual quotes and vehicle-specific estimates where available. AAA’s 2025 report separates several major components, but its national averages and assumptions are not a substitute for your own insurance, financing, or local tax figures.
Depreciation and resale value
Estimate how much value the car is likely to lose between purchase and the end of your chosen period. The basic calculation is purchase price minus expected sale or trade-in value. AAA describes depreciation in its model as the difference between purchase price and estimated trade-in value after five years and 75,000 miles.
Resale value is uncertain and depends on the specific vehicle and its condition, age, mileage, service history, market demand, and location. Use an estimate for the actual make, model, year, trim, and likely condition rather than assuming a generic percentage. If you are unsure, compare more than one plausible resale estimate to see how much the decision depends on that assumption.
Financing
Include interest and financing charges over the period, not just the advertised monthly payment. Ask for the APR, down payment, number and amount of payments, and total amount payable with financing. A longer loan may reduce the monthly bill while increasing the time you pay interest; a payment alone does not reveal the total credit cost.
AAA’s 2025 model reported an average $1,131 per year for financing under its study assumptions. That is not an offer or a prediction of what a particular buyer will pay. For your estimate, use the terms offered for your transaction. If you are paying cash, enter no loan cost unless you deliberately include a separately identified opportunity-cost assumption.
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Fuel or electricity
For a gasoline car, estimate the fuel used over the period from expected miles and realistic fuel economy, then multiply by the price you expect to pay locally. A basic calculation is annual miles ÷ realistic miles per gallon × price per gallon. For an electric car, use its expected electricity consumption and the rates you actually pay. If you charge both at home and in public, estimate each share separately when their prices differ.
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Insurance
Get a quote for the exact vehicle, driver, address, coverage, deductibles, and intended use. Rates can vary substantially with those details, so a national average is not a useful substitute for a quote on the car you are considering.
AAA’s 2025 analysis reported average insurance cost of $1,694 per year under its defined driver profile and full-coverage assumptions. It is a study average, not an individual premium. If you are comparing cars, request quotes for each one using the same coverage so the comparison is more meaningful.
Taxes, registration, and other government fees
Include purchase taxes and fees as well as recurring registration, license, inspection, or local charges that apply during your ownership period. These vary by state and locality, and some depend on the vehicle or purchase price. Consumer.gov identifies sales tax and state registration fees among the costs to consider when buying a car.
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AAA’s 2025 study reported $813 per year for license, registration, and taxes under its national study assumptions. Do not treat that as your local bill; check the rules and fees that apply where the vehicle will be registered. Be explicit about whether a tax or fee is paid once at purchase or recurs annually.
Maintenance, repairs, and tires
Estimate scheduled service, wear items, likely repairs, and tire replacement across the period. AAA’s 2025 methodology included routine maintenance specified by the manufacturer, repair of wear items, and a replacement set of tires. Its fact sheet reported maintenance, repair, and tire costs averaging 11.04 cents per mile under its study assumptions.
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For a particular vehicle, check the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule and the car’s service records. A used car’s age, mileage, condition, and inspection findings can change the likely costs considerably. Include a repair allowance appropriate to that vehicle rather than treating a new-car study average as a warranty against future bills.
Other costs that apply to you
Add costs such as parking, tolls, roadside assistance, required inspections, or loan and lease charges when they are part of your circumstances. A driver who pays for a daily garage, for example, should not compare a car budget that omits that bill with one that includes it.
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Build a personal estimate step by step
- Set the period and mileage. Choose how long you expect to keep the car and how many miles you expect to drive each year. Use the same period and mileage for every option.
- Get the actual purchase figures. Record the vehicle price, taxes, registration, fees, and any add-ons you have chosen. Keep optional products separate so you can see their effect instead of assuming they are required.
- Calculate financing cost. Use the lender’s APR, payment schedule, down payment, and total financing terms. Separate interest and charges from principal when calculating net economic cost.
- Estimate resale value. Find an estimate for the specific year, make, model, trim, age, mileage, and expected condition at the end of your ownership period. Record the estimate and the assumptions behind it.
- Get insurance quotes. Ask for quotes for each exact vehicle using the same driver information and coverage choices.
- Estimate fuel or charging. Use your expected annual distance, realistic fuel economy or electricity consumption, and local prices. Adjust for your actual mix of home and public charging if relevant.
- Estimate service and repairs. Use the maintenance schedule, available service records, warranty terms, and—especially for a used car—inspection findings and a written estimate of needed repairs.
- Add applicable recurring costs. Include registration, inspections, parking, tolls, and other costs you expect to pay. Note which amounts recur and which are one-time expenses.
- Calculate both totals. Add the categories in your net-cost formula, then separately lay out purchase cash, payments, and resale proceeds if you need a cash-flow budget.
- Test the uncertain inputs. Recalculate with a lower and higher resale estimate or repair allowance. This shows whether a small change in an uncertain assumption could alter which car looks more affordable.
Use AAA’s calculator carefully
AAA’s live Your Driving Costs calculator can provide a vehicle-specific starting estimate. Its inputs include state, annual mileage, vehicle year, make, model, and trim, with additional options such as new or used status, driving mix, credit-score range, and fuel or electricity price adjustment. AAA says its estimate assumes five years of ownership and a trade-in at the end, and notes that actual ownership costs vary.
Use the calculator as a comparison aid, not as a personalized quote for every expense. Replace or refine its assumptions with your own insurance and financing offers, local fuel or electricity prices, likely maintenance, fees, and resale estimate. If your planned ownership period differs from five years, make that limitation visible rather than presenting the calculator’s result as if it exactly matched your plan.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to compare two cars fairly
Compare alternatives on the same time horizon and mileage. A lower purchase price does not automatically mean a lower total cost: one vehicle might depreciate faster, cost more to insure, require more repairs, or use more fuel. Conversely, a higher-priced option could recover more value at resale or have lower running costs. Which one is cheaper depends on the actual vehicles and the buyer’s circumstances.
- Total net cost: compare the estimated cost over the same period, using the same definition of included costs.
- Annual cost and cost per mile: show both so a lower per-mile figure does not hide a larger yearly budget or a different mileage assumption.
- Purchase and financing: compare out-the-door price, APR, total finance charges, and total amount payable—not only monthly payments.
- Resale: compare expected depreciation and resale value using equivalent age, mileage, and condition assumptions.
- Operating costs: use actual insurance quotes, expected fuel or charging costs, and vehicle-specific maintenance and repair estimates.
- Warranty and condition: consider what is covered and for how long, while distinguishing a warranty from an estimate of all future repair costs.
- Cash needed: compare the up-front payment and ongoing cash flow separately from net economic cost.
Do not infer that one vehicle class or powertrain is always cheaper from a broad average. AAA’s 2025 report includes category and electric-vehicle or hybrid comparisons, but cautions that not all categories and models are directly comparable. Compare specific options using your location, driving needs, financing, insurance, and resale assumptions.
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Estimating the cost of a used car
A new-car average is a poor substitute for an estimate of a particular used vehicle. Start with the actual car’s total out-the-door price, financing terms, insurance quote, likely fuel use, local taxes and registration, expected resale value, and repair outlook. The car’s condition and history can matter more than its age or advertised price alone.
Before relying on the asking price
- Review service records. Look for evidence of scheduled maintenance and past repairs, and note gaps or upcoming service needs. Consumer.gov advises buyers to review a used car’s service records.
- Arrange an independent mechanical inspection. The FTC recommends an independent inspection and a written estimate of needed repairs. A vehicle-history report can provide useful background, but it is not a substitute for a mechanical inspection.
- Put findings into the estimate. Add the written repair estimate and likely near-term maintenance to your worksheet. If the seller will not allow an inspection, recognize that the repair uncertainty remains rather than assuming the car is sound.
- Compare complete financing terms. The FTC advises buyers to understand APR, down payment, payment count and amount, and total price with financing. Do not let a low monthly payment obscure the total credit cost.
Keep service contracts and other add-ons separate as optional purchases. Do not assume you need one or count its price as an unavoidable cost of owning every used car.
Why IRS mileage figures are not a personal car budget
The IRS’s 2025 standard mileage rate was 70 cents per mile for qualifying business use. It is a tax accounting rate, not an estimate of what a personal driver pays to own and operate a car. The IRS says taxpayers using that method generally cannot also deduct actual operating expenses such as gas, repairs, insurance, tires, registration, or depreciation for that same year.
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What a reliable estimate can—and cannot—tell you
A careful calculation can make two purchase options easier to compare and expose costs hidden by a sticker price or payment quote. It remains an estimate. Fuel prices, insurance premiums, repairs, annual mileage, and eventual resale proceeds can differ from assumptions, and the future condition or market value of a vehicle is uncertain.
AAA’s latest surfaced new-vehicle benchmark is useful for context, but its 2026 methodology is not directly comparable with its 2025 result and neither is an individual quote. The most decision-ready figure is the one built from your own purchase terms, local costs, driving pattern, and a clearly stated resale assumption.
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